Common Cancer Types in Seniors
As we get older, our health needs change—and one important part of staying healthy is understanding the risk of cancer. Most cancers happen in adults over age 65, but that doesn’t mean there’s nothing you can do. Knowing what to watch for can help catch problems early, when they’re easier to treat.
In this article, we’ll walk through the most common types of cancer in older adults, what signs to look for, and how regular checkups can make a big difference.
Why Cancer Is More Common as We Age
Our bodies change with time. Cells don’t repair themselves as well as they used to, and our immune system slows down. These natural changes make it easier for damaged cells to grow into cancer. The good news? You can still take steps to protect your health.
Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women—and it becomes more likely after age 60. It starts in the breast tissue and can grow slowly or quickly, depending on the type.
What to watch for:
A new lump in the breast or underarm
Changes in breast shape or size
Skin dimpling or redness
Nipple discharge (not breast milk)
Regular mammograms are key for catching breast cancer early, even before you feel anything. If you notice any changes, talk to your doctor.
Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer affects the prostate gland in men. It often grows slowly, and many men live with it without symptoms. Still, some forms are more serious and need treatment.
What to watch for:
Trouble urinating
Weak or slow urine stream
Blood in the urine or semen
Pain in the lower back or hips
A simple blood test, called the PSA test, can help check for prostate cancer. If you’re a man over 65, ask your doctor if testing is right for you.
Lung Cancer
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death in both men and women. Smoking is the biggest risk factor, but even people who have never smoked can get lung cancer—especially with age.
What to watch for:
A cough that doesn’t go away
Chest pain
Shortness of breath
Coughing up blood
Feeling tired all the time
If you smoked for many years or are over age 65, your doctor may suggest a lung cancer screening using a low-dose CT scan.
Colorectal Cancer (Colon and Rectal Cancer)
Colorectal cancer often begins as small growths called polyps in the colon or rectum. These can turn into cancer over time if not removed.
What to watch for:
Changes in bowel habits (diarrhea or constipation)
Blood in the stool
Ongoing belly pain or cramping
Feeling tired or weak
Unexplained weight loss
Screening is very important with this cancer. A colonoscopy can find and remove polyps before they cause harm. Most people should start getting screened by age 45–50 and continue through their 70s, depending on their health.
Skin Cancer
Skin cancer is common in older adults, especially if they spent many years in the sun without sunscreen. Melanoma is the most dangerous kind, but other kinds—called basal cell and squamous cell cancer—can also impact your health.
What to watch for:
A new mole or skin spot that looks different
A sore that doesn’t heal
A spot that changes size, shape, or color
Regular skin checks—both at home and with your doctor—can help catch these early.
Other Cancers to Know About
While the types above are the most common, older adults are also at higher risk for:
Bladder cancer (watch for blood in urine)
Pancreatic cancer (abdominal pain, weight loss)
Lymphoma (swollen glands, night sweats)
Leukemia (frequent infections, fatigue)
The symptoms can be vague, so it’s important to pay attention to any ongoing changes in your body.
Don’t Ignore Changes
It’s normal for our bodies to feel different as we get older. But if you notice something that doesn’t feel right and it lasts more than a few weeks, call your doctor. Even if it’s not cancer, it’s worth checking out.
Regular Screenings Save Lives
Many cancers can be found early with the help of simple tests and regular checkups. These include:
Mammograms for breast cancer
PSA blood tests for prostate cancer
Colonoscopy or stool tests for colon cancer
Skin exams for melanoma
Mouth exams for cancers of the mouth and tongue
Low-dose CT scans for lung cancer (if you qualify)
These tests can find cancer before it causes symptoms. That means treatment can start sooner, and it often works better.
A Healthier Future Starts with You
Getting older doesn’t mean giving up control of your health. Knowing what cancers to watch for—and what signs to look out for—puts you one step ahead. And with today’s treatments, many people with cancer live longer, fuller lives.
Stay curious. Stay proactive. And don’t be afraid to ask your doctor questions. You deserve care that supports you every step of the way.
Sources:
National Library of Medicine: Cancer Risk Among Older Adults: Time for Cancer Prevention to Go Silver
Mayo Clinic: Cancer