Understand the Basics of Depression
Feeling down now and then is a very normal part of life. But when those feelings don't go away, it might be more than just sadness. Depression is a medical condition that affects how you feel, think, and act. It's common among older adults, but it's not a normal part of aging. Most importantly, depression is a treatable condition. Let’s walk through what depression is and how to get help if you or a loved one has depression.
What is depression?
Depression, also called major depressive disorder, is more than just feeling sad. It's a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest. It can interfere with your daily activities and make it hard to enjoy life.
Signs and Symptoms of Depression
Depression can look different in older adults. Some common signs include:
Feeling Sad or Hopeless: You might feel sad or empty most of the day, almost every day.
Losing Interest: Things you once enjoyed, like hobbies or spending time with friends, might not be fun anymore.
Sleep Problems: You might have trouble sleeping or sleep too much.
Feeling Tired All the Time: Simple tasks can feel really hard because you're so tired.
Changes in Appetite: You might lose your appetite or eat too much, leading to weight changes.
Negative Thoughts: You may feel worthless or guilty and have negative thoughts about yourself and the future.
If you notice these symptoms lasting more than two weeks, it's important to talk to your doctor.
What Depression Can Look Like in Older Adults
Depression doesn’t always look the same in older adults as it does in younger people. The signs can be harder to notice. Here are some common symptoms to watch for:
Memory Trouble or Personality Changes: You may forget things more often or not feel like yourself.
Aches and Pains Without a Clear Cause: Your body may hurt even when nothing is physically wrong.
Low Energy or Changes in Daily Habits: Feeling tired, not hungry, having trouble sleeping, or losing interest in intimacy.
Staying Home More Often: You might avoid seeing friends or trying new things.
Feeling Hopeless or Thinking About Death: This is more common in older men.
If you or someone you love has these signs, know that help is available. You’re not alone, and things can get better with the right support.
Why is depression different from everyday sadness?
Everyone feels sad sometimes, like when something bad happens. But depression is different because it lasts a long time and affects your daily life. It's not just about feeling down, it's about feeling stuck in a cycle of sadness that you can't get out of by yourself.
What causes depression?
Depression isn’t just about feeling sad. It can come from changes in the brain and body. Here are some common causes doctors have found:
Changes in the Brain: People with depression often have small physical changes in their brains. Experts aren’t sure exactly what these changes mean yet, but they may help us better understand depression in the future.
Brain Chemicals: Our brains use special chemicals to help control our mood. When these chemicals are out of balance, it can lead to depression. Medicine and therapy can help restore that balance.
Hormone Changes: Shifts in your body’s hormones—like during menopause or due to thyroid problems—can sometimes trigger depression. Hormone changes after having a baby (called postpartum depression) can also cause it.
Family History: Depression can run in families. If a parent or sibling has had depression, you might have a higher chance of experiencing it, too.
It's important to remember that depression is not a sign of weakness or something you can "snap out of."
Depression is treatable, even in severe cases. The first step is to talk to your doctor. They can evaluate your symptoms and recommend treatment options.
If you or someone you know needs help right away, call or text 988 anytime. It’s free, private, and available 24/7. You can also chat online at 988Lifeline.org.
Treatment Options
The good news is that depression is treatable, and many people feel better with the right help. Treatment often includes a mix of medication, talk therapy, and healthy lifestyle habits. Here’s a closer look at each option:
1. Medications
Doctors may prescribe antidepressants to help improve mood and reduce symptoms. These medications help balance chemicals in the brain that affect how you feel. Some common types include:
SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) like sertraline (Zoloft) or citalopram (Celexa). These are often the first type doctors try because they usually have fewer side effects.
SNRIs (Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors) like venlafaxine (Effexor) or duloxetine (Cymbalta), which may be helpful for both depression and certain types of chronic pain.
Other options may include medications like bupropion (Wellbutrin) or mirtazapine (Remeron), depending on your symptoms and other health needs.
It’s important to talk with your doctor about any other medications you take. They’ll help you avoid side effects or interactions.
2. Therapy (Talk Therapy)
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps you notice and change unhelpful thoughts and behaviors through talking with a trained mental health provider can help you work through thoughts and feelings that may be weighing you down.
Some people feel more comfortable talking one-on-one, while others may enjoy group settings. Both can be helpful.
If it’s hard to travel to appointments, ask your doctor about telehealth options. Many providers now offer phone or video visits.
3. Lifestyle Changes That Make a Difference
Small daily habits can go a long way in improving your mood and overall health. Here are a few to try:
Stay Active: Even a short walk or light stretching each day can boost your mood. Movement helps release natural “feel-good” chemicals in your brain.
Stay Connected: Call a friend, join a local group, or talk to a neighbor. Social interaction helps prevent isolation and lifts your spirits.
Practice Relaxation: Deep breathing, gentle yoga, or quiet hobbies like gardening or puzzles can help calm your mind.
Get Outside: Sunlight and fresh air are natural mood boosters. Even sitting by a sunny window helps.
Supporting a Loved One With Depression
If you think someone you care about is depressed:
Listen: Offer a listening ear without judgment.
Encourage: Suggest they talk to their doctor.
Be a Source of Support: Regular visits or calls can help them feel less isolated.
Be Patient: Recovery takes time, and your support matters.
Depression is treatable, so don’t lose hope.
Depression is a common and serious condition, but it's treatable. Recognizing the signs and seeking help can lead to a better quality of life. Whether you're experiencing symptoms yourself or noticing them in a loved one, don't hesitate to reach out to a healthcare professional. You're not alone, and support is available.
Sources:
National Institute on Aging: Depression and Older Adults
Mayo Clinic: Depression