What happens during a heart attack or stroke?

What happens during a heart attack or stroke? - Image

Heart attacks and strokes are medical emergencies that happen suddenly, but they usually start with damage that builds up over time. When they strike, every second counts. Knowing what’s happening in your body and recognizing the signs could help you or someone you love get help fast.

In this article, we’ll walk through what actually happens during a heart attack or stroke, the warning signs to look out for, what to do in an emergency, and how you can lower your risk.

What happens during a heart attack?

Your heart needs a steady flow of oxygen-rich blood to keep beating. This blood is delivered by arteries. Over time, these arteries can get narrowed by plaque, a sticky buildup made of fat and cholesterol. When one of these arteries gets completely blocked, blood can’t reach part of your heart muscle. This is a heart attack.

Without oxygen, that part of the heart begins to die. The longer it goes untreated, the more damage it does.

Common Heart Attack Symptoms:

  • Chest pain or discomfort, often in the center or left side

  • Pain that spreads to the shoulders, neck, jaw, or arms

  • Shortness of breath

  • Nausea or lightheadedness

  • Cold sweat or unusual fatigue

For women, symptoms may be different and sometimes more subtle. In addition to chest pain, women are more likely to experience:

  • Unusual tiredness

  • Nausea or vomiting

  • Pain in the back, neck, or jaw

  • Dizziness or lightheadedness

  • Shortness of breath without chest pain

Women often wait longer to seek help because their symptoms don’t seem like a “classic” heart attack. But getting help quickly is just as urgent.

What is a stroke?

A stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted, either by a blockage (ischemic stroke) or a burst blood vessel (hemorrhagic stroke). Without oxygen-rich blood, brain cells begin to die within minutes.

Stroke can affect movement, speech, and memory. Fast treatment can make a big difference in recovery.

Common Stroke Symptoms: Think FAST

To remember stroke symptoms, use the word FAST:

  • Face: One side of the face droops or feels numb

  • Arm: One arm feels weak or numb

  • Speech: Slurred speech or trouble speaking

  • Time: Call 911 immediately

Other symptoms may include sudden confusion, trouble seeing, dizziness, or a severe headache with no known cause.

What to Do in an Emergency

If you or someone near you has signs of a heart attack or stroke, call 911 right away. Don’t wait or try to drive yourself to the hospital. Emergency responders can start life-saving treatment on the way.

While waiting for help:

  • Stay calm and seated

  • Chew an aspirin (if not allergic and advised by your doctor)

  • Unlock your door for paramedics

How to Lower Your Risk of Heart Problems

You can’t control everything, but there are many ways to lower your chances of having a heart attack or stroke:

  • Quit Smoking: Smoking damages your blood vessels and heart.

  • Eat Heart-Healthy Foods: Choose fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins.

  • Stay Active: Even a short daily walk can help.

  • Keep Track of Your Numbers: Monitor blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar.

  • Take Your Medications: Follow your doctor’s directions.

  • Get Regular Check-ups: Early detection can prevent serious problems.

Know Your Risk Factors

Certain things make heart problems more likely. These include:

  • Being over 65

  • Having high blood pressure or diabetes

  • Carrying extra weight

  • Family history of heart disease

  • Leading a sedentary lifestyle

  • Smoking or drinking too much alcohol

Talk to your doctor about your personal risk and what you can do to stay healthy.

Take Heart-Healthy Action Today

Heart attacks and strokes are scary, but knowing the signs and taking preventive steps can give you more control. Don’t wait for a wake-up call. Make small changes now, talk to your doctor, and share this information with loved ones.

Your heart and brain are too important to ignore. Stay informed, stay prepared, and stay healthy.

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